Tuesday, April 10, 2012
The Sense Of Taste
11:15 AM | 
Posted by
waleed tarekTaste Sensation Detects Molecules that come in contact with receptors in the toungue , mouth and pharynx.Taste-producing substances Must dissolve in saliva before they can stimulate taste receptors.
There are five basic taste sensations:
1-sweet sensation :produced by sugars,glycols and aldehydes.The tip of the toungue is most sensitive to sweet substances
2_Bitter sensation :Produced by alkaloids.The back of the toungue is most sensitive to bitter substances.
3_Salty sensation :produced by ionized salts.The front half of each side of the toungue is most sensitive to salty substances
4_sour sensation :produced by acids.Unripe fruits are sour too.The posterior half of each side of the toungue is most sensitive to sour substances.
5_Umami sensa
Facts You Must know about Our Body
_Sneezing speed may reach up to 60 miles per hour.
_More than half of the bones of our body found in the hands and feet.
_Our Body has enough carbon to fill the 1000 pencil
_our body gives temperature in 30 minutes,which is enough to boil a gallon of water .
_Human olfaction can discriminate between 10,000 different odors
_The acid in your stomach is strong enough to melt the zinc
_Human saliva i produced throug
hout his life enough to fill two big swimming pools
_More than half of the bones of our body found in the hands and feet.
_Our Body has enough carbon to fill the 1000 pencil
_our body gives temperature in 30 minutes,which is enough to boil a gallon of water .
_Human olfaction can discriminate between 10,000 different odors
_The acid in your stomach is strong enough to melt the zinc
_Human saliva i produced throug
Monday, February 13, 2012
Precautions During Administration Of Iv Injection
-Be sure of the dose since the drug can not be retrieved and given Under strict aseptic technique ,
-Gradual Adminstration and well diluted to Avoid phlebitis.
-Strictly Intravenous to avoid tissue necrosis.
-Be sure The site of adminstration is Below the level of the heart to avoid air embolism
Thr Rule of Pear In abdominal disorders
It contain pectin which is Soluble fibre ,so it's used in diahrrea ,also
pear contains insoluble fibres which help in absorbtion of great amount
of water and make it easy for the faeces to be execreted .so it's used
in consptipation too, also t
his help in prevention of cancer colon
Instruction for application of drugs to The Nose .
_If there is any discharge present , clear the nose by using a clean
cloth or tissue.This is important that the discharge does not block the
distribution of the medication.
2_Hang your head over the edge and tilt your head back as far as comfortable.These actions are to provide access to nasal sinuses, and to allow medication to drain to affected sites.
3_Breathe through your mouth to prevent the aspiration of nasal drops into trachea and lungs .
4_Instill prescribed number of drops into the nose .
5_Remain in this position for a few minutes to allow the medication to spread in the nose .
6_In case of applying nasal decongestant to open the eustachian tube , it's advised to apply it twice :The 1st time to open the nasal passage and after 5 minutes to open the Eustachian tube . In such case ,the head should be tilted 55° backward and15° to the side of the affected ear.
7_Do not apply the nasal decongestant to the both sides of the nose at the same time .TWO hours between each application is necessary so as the nasal cycle of the opening and closing is not changed
2_Hang your head over the edge and tilt your head back as far as comfortable.These actions are to provide access to nasal sinuses, and to allow medication to drain to affected sites.
3_Breathe through your mouth to prevent the aspiration of nasal drops into trachea and lungs .
4_Instill prescribed number of drops into the nose .
5_Remain in this position for a few minutes to allow the medication to spread in the nose .
6_In case of applying nasal decongestant to open the eustachian tube , it's advised to apply it twice :The 1st time to open the nasal passage and after 5 minutes to open the Eustachian tube . In such case ,the head should be tilted 55° backward and15° to the side of the affected ear.
7_Do not apply the nasal decongestant to the both sides of the nose at the same time .TWO hours between each application is necessary so as the nasal cycle of the opening and closing is not changed
Instruction for application of drugs to the eye
1_wash your hands with soap and water before and after use to reduce transmission of microorganism to the eye
2_If there is crust or discharge , clean the eyelids with a wet cotton ball with warm water and gently wipe the lid from the inner corner in an outward direction with the eye closed to avoid entrance of microorganisms into the eye .
3_shake the bottle if it contain suspension .
4_open the bottle carefullly so that the tip of the eyedropper does not touch anything.
5_Tilt Your head back and pull your lower eyelid with the tip of your finger to form a pocket and look up to ease installation of medication and to minimize drainage of medication through the lacrimal duct.
6_Hold the dropper at least 1_2 cm above the eye with the other hand and squeeze the correct number of drops into the pocket between your lower lid and eyeball without touching the lid with the tip of the bottle.
7_close your eyes slowly and gently press a finger against the inside corner of each eye and keep them closed for approximately 1 minute to allow the medication to absorb. This helps distribution of medicine evenly whereas squinting or squeezing of eyelids forces medicine out from conjunctival sac .
8_After using the eye drop don't rinse or wipe the dropper.Keep the bottle clean and tightly closed when you are not using it .
9_When using multiple medications , wait for a few minutes between each application to ensure the eyes have enough time to absorb .
10_If the doctor prescribe you with a combination of eye drops and ointments, and these medications have to be taken at the same time ,Always remember to apply the eye drops a few minutes before the eye ointment since the ointment Hinders the drops absorption.
11_Discard the eye drops after 4 weeks from the date The bottle had been opened .
2_If there is crust or discharge , clean the eyelids with a wet cotton ball with warm water and gently wipe the lid from the inner corner in an outward direction with the eye closed to avoid entrance of microorganisms into the eye .
3_shake the bottle if it contain suspension .
4_open the bottle carefullly so that the tip of the eyedropper does not touch anything.
5_Tilt Your head back and pull your lower eyelid with the tip of your finger to form a pocket and look up to ease installation of medication and to minimize drainage of medication through the lacrimal duct.
6_Hold the dropper at least 1_2 cm above the eye with the other hand and squeeze the correct number of drops into the pocket between your lower lid and eyeball without touching the lid with the tip of the bottle.
7_close your eyes slowly and gently press a finger against the inside corner of each eye and keep them closed for approximately 1 minute to allow the medication to absorb. This helps distribution of medicine evenly whereas squinting or squeezing of eyelids forces medicine out from conjunctival sac .
8_After using the eye drop don't rinse or wipe the dropper.Keep the bottle clean and tightly closed when you are not using it .
9_When using multiple medications , wait for a few minutes between each application to ensure the eyes have enough time to absorb .
10_If the doctor prescribe you with a combination of eye drops and ointments, and these medications have to be taken at the same time ,Always remember to apply the eye drops a few minutes before the eye ointment since the ointment Hinders the drops absorption.
11_Discard the eye drops after 4 weeks from the date The bottle had been opened .
Vitamins (sources and Health benefits)
Vitatamins are essential for chemical processes which take place in our
bodies . The lack of any particular vitamin causes certian illnesses .
Vit A :Is necessary for eyes and skin .Good sources are milk , butter, eggs,fish oil and fresh green vegetables .
Vit B : Is necessary for energy production in cells , nerves and skin . it's found in wholemeal bread , unpolished rice , yeast , liver , soya , bean , etc .
Vit C : Is necessary for blood vessels , gum , healing wounds , prevention clods . It's found In oranges , lemons, black currants , tomatoes , potatoes and fresh green vegetables .
Vit D :Is essential for bones and teeth . It's found in Fish oils , milk , eggs and butter . Sunlight too is a good source of Vitamin D
Vit E :Is found in vegetable oil , wholemeal bread , rice , butter and fresh green vegetables .It's said to prevent cancer , heart diseases and cataract .
Vit K :Is essential for blood coagulation .It's sources are fresh green vegetables , Liver ,Etc .
Eating This food will decrease your weight
Broccoli, cabbage, melons, carrots, tomatoes, spinach, kale
, cucumber, pineapple, papaya, grapefruit, broccoli.
you must also eat a small amount of meat ,dairy products and grains and you must do regular exercises.
you must also eat a small amount of meat ,dairy products and grains and you must do regular exercises.
Drink This juice and Burn more fat
Ingredients:
2 pieces of kiwi
Pineapple Juice (Pineapple (fresh), not canned)
Lemon juice
The way :
Put the pineapple in a blender
Cut the kiwi into rings after peeling
Add a little of water
Mix until you have a juice
Then add the lemon juice to the previous juice .
2 pieces of kiwi
Pineapple Juice (Pineapple (fresh), not canned)
Lemon juice
The way :
Put the pineapple in a blender
Cut the kiwi into rings after peeling
Add a little of water
Mix until you have a juice
Then add the lemon juice to the previous juice .
How to treat common cold without going to the doctor
Inhalation of watervapor : This is a simple way to decrease the Inflamation in the respiratory tract
Hot drinks :Drinks with a bitter taste are more useful
Chicken soup :acts as an antinflammatory agent and relieving congestion.
Drink orange and lemon juice frequently.
Take a holiday for 2 days and Sleep regularly at night.
Drinking water :To avoid dehydration
warm lemon +honey >>This will help relieve congestion
Wash your hands frequently.
Hot drinks :Drinks with a bitter taste are more useful
Chicken soup :acts as an antinflammatory agent and relieving congestion.
Drink orange and lemon juice frequently.
Take a holiday for 2 days and Sleep regularly at night.
Drinking water :To avoid dehydration
warm lemon +honey >>This will help relieve congestion
Wash your hands frequently.
Healthy Food For Children
Grain group:
Cook grains according to the instructions listed on the label. coarse grain needs mashing or mixed in the mixer
fruit group:Choose fresh fruits, frozen, or canned.
-Ripe bananas:Which is very easy to mash, used as a food for children.
-Cooked fruits:such as apricots, pears, peaches and peach fruit are easy to cook. Prunes are especially good for children with constipation. Do not feed your child any type of fruits that contain small seeds. Wash fresh fruits and make sure to remove seeds
-Canned fruits: such as apricots, apples, pears, peaches, plums .
-Fresh juice or canned fruit drinks are better than canned or powdered fruit drinks.
Vegetable group:
Vegetables such as carrots, pumpkin, spinach, beans, peas, tomato, white or sweet potatoes and sugar beet can be used fresh or frozen or canned. Broccoliandcabbage should be cooked in an open container . Canned vegetables such as peas contain a reasonable amount of salt.
Protein group:Eggs: usually we dont give egg whites for children under one year, but egg yolk, which is a good source of iron and other nutrients can be taken.
Cook grains according to the instructions listed on the label. coarse grain needs mashing or mixed in the mixer
fruit group:Choose fresh fruits, frozen, or canned.
-Ripe bananas:Which is very easy to mash, used as a food for children.
-Cooked fruits:such as apricots, pears, peaches and peach fruit are easy to cook. Prunes are especially good for children with constipation. Do not feed your child any type of fruits that contain small seeds. Wash fresh fruits and make sure to remove seeds
-Canned fruits: such as apricots, apples, pears, peaches, plums .
-Fresh juice or canned fruit drinks are better than canned or powdered fruit drinks.
Vegetable group:
Vegetables such as carrots, pumpkin, spinach, beans, peas, tomato, white or sweet potatoes and sugar beet can be used fresh or frozen or canned. Broccoliandcabbage should be cooked in an open container . Canned vegetables such as peas contain a reasonable amount of salt.
Protein group:Eggs: usually we dont give egg whites for children under one year, but egg yolk, which is a good source of iron and other nutrients can be taken.
Your Body over The 24 Hours
1_2 am : Lymph T-cells are at their peak
low Secretion of urine .3-4 am: growth hormone at the maximum level
5-6 am: asthma attacks tend to occur
Menstrual cycle begins
Insulin levels in the lowest level
Blood pressure and heart rate increase
Increase the level of stress hormone "cortisone"
7-8 am: melatonin levels begin to decline "stimulating to sleep"
More frequent headache interesting
Increasing the number of sperm
Risk of heart attack and stroke are at the highest rates
Arthritis in the worst symptoms.
Hemoglobin level at the top.
9-10 am: short-term memory in their best
11-12 pm: The best time to focus
1-2 pm: increase amount of urine
3-4 pm: pulmonary function at their best
Body temperature and pulse rate and blood pressure at its peak.
5-6 pm: better fitness
7-8 pm: The function of the liver and digestive system are at their peak
IncreaseToothache
9-10 pm: sexual desire in the strongest case and Increase in Skin
 |
| Body Changes |
Sensitivity
Allergic reactions occur.
11-12 pm: ovulation women are more likely
A simple way to study any subject
1_A full scale reading of the lesson
2_- Identify the key points of the topic
3_ summarize the topic and this will make it easy to learn
4_Use colors to identify important sentences
5_change the way of studying i.e you must use all your senses (read with a loud voice , write while looking at the book)
6_exercises
7_you should take a break every 1 h
8_Drink more fluids
9_you should eat glucose and iron-strong foods
10_If your are going to study more than one subject start with the subject that you like 1st
2_- Identify the key points of the topic
3_ summarize the topic and this will make it easy to learn
4_Use colors to identify important sentences
5_change the way of studying i.e you must use all your senses (read with a loud voice , write while looking at the book)
6_exercises
7_you should take a break every 1 h
8_Drink more fluids
9_you should eat glucose and iron-strong foods
10_If your are going to study more than one subject start with the subject that you like 1st
Diseases due to Environmental factors(cultural factors))
Diseases due to Environmental factors(cultural factors))
B)Alchol abuse :it predispose to fatty liver ,cirrhosis,gastritis,pancreatitis,peripheral neuritis,testicular atrophy,cardiomyopathy and oropharyngeal and hepatic cancer.
C)Addictive drugs (street srugs)
_Bango :it causes disturbed psychology , adverse behavior and deterioration of pulmonary and reproductive functions.
_cocain :it leads to euphoria,tachycardia,hypertension,and arrhythmias.
_Heroin :it leads to disseminated angitis , meningitis and brain infection , transmitted infections as AIDS and hepatitis.Infective endocarditis and peripheral neuropathy .
Diseases due to Environmental factors(Air pollution)
Air pollution can cause :
a)Inflammation as conhunctivitis , bronchitis and dermatitis .
b)Immunological Disorder and allergy as bronchial ashtma , allergic rhinitis and hay fever.
c)Pneumoconiosis.
Diseases due to Environmental factors(chemical injury)
b)Insecticides as chlorinated hydrocarbons and phosphates. They lead to CNS Disturbance , arrhythmia , impotence and infertility .
c)Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin which loses its capacity to bind oxygen leading to death .The skin appears cherry red in color.
d)Lead :sources of lead are car exhaust , lead paints.Lead water pipes .Its leads to gum pigmentation , chronic interstitial nephritis , neurological symptoms and anemia
Diseases due to Environmental factors(physical injury)
a)Frostbite
:exposure to severe clod leads to vasoconstriction of the arterioles
and capillary thrombi ending by gangrene of the fingers, toes,ears and
nose.
b)Heat stroke :exposure to High temperature leads to excessive sweating and vasodilatation with loss of sodium and water ending by hypotenion ,hyperkalemia,dehydration and hypoxia .
c)Electrical injury :The injury depends on the severity of the electric current and duration of contact .It leads to skin burns , bone fracture m rupture of organs and vessels and sudden death due to carsiac or respiratory distress.
d)Radiation injury :1_skin :early manifestations include dermatitis .Late manifestations Include cancer
2_GIT :mucosal injury and ulceration .later on fibrosis occurs .
3_Testis and ovary :destruction of germ cells and later on fibrosis and sterility .
4_lung :edema and acute respiratory didtress and later on fibrosis.
5_Hemopoeitic and lymphoid destruction leading to pancytopenia and lymphopenia .
6_radiation nephritis , osteomyelitis , vascular inflamation and thrombosis
b)Heat stroke :exposure to High temperature leads to excessive sweating and vasodilatation with loss of sodium and water ending by hypotenion ,hyperkalemia,dehydration and hypoxia .
c)Electrical injury :The injury depends on the severity of the electric current and duration of contact .It leads to skin burns , bone fracture m rupture of organs and vessels and sudden death due to carsiac or respiratory distress.
d)Radiation injury :1_skin :early manifestations include dermatitis .Late manifestations Include cancer
2_GIT :mucosal injury and ulceration .later on fibrosis occurs .
3_Testis and ovary :destruction of germ cells and later on fibrosis and sterility .
4_lung :edema and acute respiratory didtress and later on fibrosis.
5_Hemopoeitic and lymphoid destruction leading to pancytopenia and lymphopenia .
Best sleeping position during pregnancy
This is because the liver is in the right side and therefore sleeping on the left side decrease the pressure on the liver by the uterus,also this situation Help the kidney to make it's function so reduces the swelling of the feet and hands, but sleep on the left side also helps to increase blood flow to the placenta.
N.B:sleeping on the back is one of the positions that must be abandoned because the large size of the fetus causing pressure on the back and the inferior vena cava, which carries blood from the lower part of the body to the heart, also causes pressure on the intestines, which slows down the digestion process.
Also, sleeping on your back during the last months of pregnancy increases the chance of back pain and decrease in blood pressure .
How To Use Rectal suppository
1_If Necessary ,go to the toilet to empty your bowels .2_Either suat or lie on your side with one leg straight and the other bent.
3_Gently but firmly push the suppository , tapered end first , into the rectum (back passage).Push far enough so that it doesn't slip
4_close your leg and sit still for a few minutes . Avoid emptying the bowels for at least one hour(unless a laxative suppository)
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